COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF RAPID DIAGNOSTIC KITS (RDTS) AND GIEMSA STAIN MICROSCOPY FOR MALARIA PARASITES DETECTION IN ABBAGANARAM PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CLINIC

¹Falmata Kyari ²A.A.G. Benisheikh³Hassan M. Chiwar⁴Hajara I. Mustapha ⁵Fatimah M. Maina⁶Zulkifil H. Kida ⁷Nina Jasse⁸Mustapha Abubakar Imam

ABSTRACT

Malaria parasitemia still remains the major public health threat to the global population with approximately 219 million cases of malaria parasitemia occurred during 2017 with 435,000 deaths. Most malaria cases in 2017 were in Africa with approximately 200 million or 92%, followed by South-East Asia (5%) and the Eastern Mediterranean region (2%). Therefore, research into finding of diagnostic accuracy using RDTs and microscopy remains indispensable for effective and efficient treatment of malaria in the study area. A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to June 2023 at Abbaganaram primary health care clinic, and 100 eligible patients were enrolled for study. The results of the comparison of malaria detection using microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests revealed that 10 (10%) out of the 100 samples examined using microscopy has positive detection status with 90(90%) negatives. No false positive nor false negative were recorded after the samples were examined using both the identification methods. Similar, the results of rapid diagnostic tests revealed that, 20(20%) out of 100 samples were positive, while 80 (80%) were tested negative. After the samples were tested using the microscopy 15(15%) were false positive, and 5 (5%) were tested false negative. The results on comparison of malaria detection using microscopy and RDTs examinations among different Sex revealed that, 40(40%) out of 100 samples diagnosed using microscopy were from male clients while 60(60%) were female. Similarly, the 30(30%) out of the 100 samples tested for the present of malaria parasites using rapid diagnostic tests were from male patients. While 70 (70%) out of 100 samples tested were from female patients. The comparison of malaria parasite detection using microscopy diagnostic tests among different age group revealed that, 60 (60%) out of the 100 samples examined were from adult’s blood samples. While 40(40%) out of 100 blood samples examined using microscopy were from children’s patients. Similarly, 55 (55%) out of the blood samples examined using rapid diagnostic tests were from adult’s patients, while 45(45%) out of 100 blood samples tested were from Children patients. The two diagnostic methods microscopy and RDTs should be use simultaneously for efficient and effective clinical diagnosis better performance in poor resources laboratories setting with little skillful personals.

Keywords: Parasite Detection, Rapid Diagnostic Test, Microscopy, Comparative Studies, Primary Health Care, Diagnostic Performance.